In an effort to keep the Daily Open Thread a little more open topic we are going to start a new daily thread for “Presidential Politics”. Please use this thread to post anything relating to the Donald Trump Administration and Presidency.
This thread will refresh daily and appear above the Open Discussion Thread.
Posted in Uncategorized


It shows Spanberger etc. did not win last November either
NEW ANALYSIS FROM 2020 VIRGINIA ELECTION SHOWS OVER A MILLION DUPLICATE APPLICATIONS – MATCHES NEAR MILLION BALLOT DROP WE UNCOVERED RIGHT AFTER ELECTION
https://joehoft.com/new-analysis-2020-virginia-election-shows-million-duplicate/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=new-analysis-2020-virginia-election-shows-million-duplicate
And law enforcement is going to do what ??
Law enforcement is so passe under our enlightened Democratic Socialist Free for All.
It was a close race until Gov. Thumbdrive received 100 million votes from the precincts around Langley.
If I recall Nick Freitas was pretty much declared the winner initially. I honestly think the similarity of his name with Nick Fuentes works against him, despite the fact he is genuine MAGA
But – But – But- Federal Judge Indira Talwani (in Boston, no surprise) appointed by obama (and therefor approved by GOPe in the Senate) has blocked PDJT’s Executive Order requiring eligible voter verification because there is no significant vote fraud.
Whatever happened to the Atlanta and Miracopa county vote investigations. Silence from the FBI
Maricopa County held their own self-audit, FOUND FRAUD, and then did … nothing.
💯💯💯 and continues to gaslight…we just got notice on early voting, no signature verification needed!
Supreme Court Allows Trump to Block Asylum Seekers at Border
Supreme Court Overrules Lower Leftwing Judges: Trump May Turn Away Illegals at Border Without First Letting Them Into the Country, It’s incredible that Trump had to fight for the right of the executive to turn illegals away at the border rather than requiring the executive to let them into the country to submit their falsified asylum claims.
https://acecomments.mu.nu/?post=420292
Judge Napolitano was on Fox saying it has always been the law except for liberal judge interfering in the law.
Alito is a wonderful writer, and he has a great discussion on what it means to “arrive.” Can you have arrived in a country before you’re actually in the country?
The Dems’ argument that you can arrive without arriving. What’s next? A Schrodinger’s cat case?
A: Schlesinger’s dog.
Schlesinger’s time traveler. He got to the US before he got to the US! LOL
The DNC will argue that their candidates have been elected to office before the election takes place. This is where their logic takes them.
…but didn’t get their votes until after the election was closed.
It’s simple, if a man only has to think that he’s a women to be one, irrespective of biological reality, then, ergo, all an illegal immigrant has to do to arrive is think he has, irrespective of geographical reality.
I think; therefore I am.
-Descartes
Surprised Alito didn’t add this. He can be subtly snarky sometimes.
And not so subtle at times.
I’m not so think as drunk I am.
A federal district court will overrule the SCOTUS in 3 2 1…..
Technically speaking under long standing federal law and court decisions arriving at the border or a port of entry is not considered “arriving” in the United States. It’s why immigration officers always had the legal authority to…
A: Deny entry
B: Immediate deportation
C: Warrantless search and seizure
D: No requirement for Miranda
In fact, immigration officers can conduct warrantless inspections within 100 miles of the United States border!
Supreme Court hands Trump two major immigration victories
https://www.foxnews.com/politics/supreme-court-hands-trump-two-major-immigration-victories
Let the mass deportations begin.
I’m wondering what President Trump has up his sleeve, for him to expend political capital on the SAVE act now. Leaders don’t usually take such a high-profile stance if they don’t judge that the legislation they’re supporting has a good chance of passing.
Is the sudden outbreak of reality in the Democrat Party and their commentariat, that they’re host to a organism that will kill them without treatment part of this showdown by Trump.
Or is it a recognition that without it there’s a good chance that the Democrat/DSA party will either narrowly win, or loose. The narrative at the moment suggests the more positive take, in which case is the Democrat Party prepared to split so as to save itself and help pass the SAVE act. Has Trump broken them, like he’s broken so many of his opponent’s in the past?
CP: not trying to over think it but mid terms are in ~3 months, he has seen Judge Twinkletoes knock down his election EO and the completely transparent fraud in the still ongoing CA primaries.
How many members of Congress magically “run unopposed?” How many know damned well that they are sitting in their seats only because of fraud?
How many care?
These Soros/Singham women judges are giving all women a bad name! Shame on them regardless of which party they belong to. Once again blocking parts of President Trump’s voting EO and other very important national securities.
It almost impossible to trust any woman in power once you see what the extreme left Governors, Congresswomen, and especially Judges, have done to this country. They are really dragging down all the accomplishments of really competent and rational women. Case in point the comments of the Mandani Marxists that won their primaries in NY. Then also judges who are blocking President Trump with obviously ridiculous and unsubstantiated rulings that completely ignore the constitution.
https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/06/just-obama-judge-blocks-key-parts-president-trumps/
Aileen Cannon…does she fall into your analysis?
However…in my 45 years of business… I have found Women base their decisions on emotion as opposed to Men who base their decisions on facts…
Aileen Cannon does not. And, may I say, from the words I hear directly from male politicians, mainly Dems, as they lie straight you our face, that argument does not hold water.
Cubans are generally a different breed of immigrant than the ones from other 3rd World Countries.
Catherine Herridge on X:
STUNNING: USAID + THE BIG GRIFT
Looks like USAID supported college tuition for Anwar Aulaqi (Awlaki) who later became a high level al Qaeda terrorist.
Aulaqi falsely claimed he was born in Yemen to secure the financial help via the State Dept. when he was actually a US citizen, born in Las Cruces New Mexico.
Aulaqi would later develop close ties with several 9/11 hijackers and attain leadership status in AQ’s Yemen affiliate.
Aulaqi was the godfather of the digital jihad that leveraged his writings and the web to radicalize Americans to AQ’s cause.
Aulaqi became the first American targeted for death by the CIA. In 2011, he was killed in a US drone strike.
This 1997 Aulaqi mugshot is for soliciting prostitutes.” …….
I’ve always heard it the other way–that Awlaki was a Yemini who claimed to be American.
Regardless, he was Dirty Bob Mueller’s Hi-Jacker Foreman when the Deep State arranged the 9/11 Attack against us using Saudi Fall Guys–they weren’t innocent, but the Plan came from our own Rogue Deep State.
Mueller ushered him out of the country to safety.
When FBI Agents later caught Awlaki coaching Capt. Hassan online at Ft. Hood, Obama ordered them to stand down so the attack there could succeed. Then Obama droned his ass to shut him up forever. see, also, bin Laden.
The USAID funding shows he was on the CIA Payroll from the start.
If we have learned anything from Roberts it is that he knows how to manipulate the public around SCOTUS opinions. My concern about the victories today are that they are “red meat” for MAGA in preparation for the opinions next week on Anchor Babies, Troon Sports, etc that might not go our way.
Not a concern troll. Just pointing out past experience. Counter point is that the Wicked Sisters are withholding their dissents in protest. Will be interesting to see unfold.
Soda is liquid candy.
“…
Gill: Do they need sugary sodas to survive?
Plata-Nino: Some of them do….”
…
Toward the end of Rep. Gill‘s line of questioning, he points out that General Mills funds Plata-Nino’s advocacy. He asks her if it’s a conflict of interest for her to be shilling on the part of junk food companies when they donate to her organization.
Her silence was deafening.”
{ https://notthebee.com/article/brandon-gill-gets-lib-to-say-coca-cola-is-nutritious-in-defense-of-using-tax-dollars-for-junk-food }
Big future for Brandon Gill…
Rising star.
He is certainly not a fish out of water at these hearings.
Your gill joke is killing me…
I might need to go see a sturgeon 🙂
Or Albert Pike.
I think you’ve probably peaked with that Pike comment 🙂
Definitely. He’s my rep and he’s the real deal.
TOTALLY AGREE! He’s a real super star of the GOP.
Gill was really solid here. He asked easily answered questions that this woman avoided like the plague. She knows exactly who funds her organization. We all do. And to try and avoid the common sense answer that sugary sodas are not nutritionally good for anybody was just a huge tell. He’s definitely one to keep a good eye on for MAGA. Very well done sir.
Chuck Schumer may be evil, but he is not stupid. He is watching the democrat party being taken over by violent ‘global’ agents. The ‘establishment’ democrtas are losing authority, largely as a result of highly-motivated anti-US foreign voters.
It is in ‘establishment’ democrat interests not to be overwhelmed and removed by global insurgents.
So why is he so opposed to keeping his party from being taken over? Can’t he realize his party is being destroyed? And could be preserved by only democrat citizens voting?
perhaps he more stupid than you think.
That’s possible. We’ve all seen his expert grilling technique.
The Dems also have highly-motivated, anti-US native born voters as well. A large cohort of young people have graduated high schools and colleges thoroughly afflicted with TDS and vote accordingly.
Schumer is a Bolshevik at heart. While he knows it’s a political disaster for the Democrat Party he probably feels that between the news media and federal courts running protection for the DSA he might be able to pull it off!
The problem with the establishment Dems is they’re all as old as dirt and hold no appeal for the younger voters who have been brainwashed since kindergarten about capitalism, republicans being bad and socialism, liberal democrats being the best way to live. Pelosi was able to hold the old guard Dems in place and keep charge of the Dem party and left when she knew her age and other factors meant she wouldn’t be able to control the party anymore. The squad became the writing on the wall for Nan from San Fran and she left her leadership role, but Schumer is no Pelosi. He does not have her power and never did. He’s now way too old to do a thing to correct his party’s lurch to the radical left.
The democrat party is now morphing into the long held communist dream of infiltrating the govt at all levels in America and taking over as much as they can via the so called ‘democratic socialist’ radical left of the Democrat party. They found a young, smooth talking, likeable mouth piece in Mamdani, set him up, got him elected mayor of the nation’s largest city with tons of publicity to go along.
Whoever is funding this radical movement into control of the Democrat party are making hay with Mamdani’s appeal to the younger voters crowd who are dumber than a rock about what socialism and communism are really all about. Mamdani is the openly communist version of Obama.
They Stole America Without Firing A Shot | Ep. 142 – YouTube—
Eric Metaxas interviews Mel K on her new history “Infiltration Instead of Invasion : America Betrayed (1944–1954)”:
“…Who did Epstein work for? He worked for the International Banking Cartel and the Global Public Private Partnership that has been in existence since back then. So when you’re trying to pinpoint anything, if you don’t know what was built above nations and then solidified with immunity and with all kinds of different mechanisms with Breton Woods and everything else, then you don’t really understand that the war for profit model was legitimately set up right after Hitler surrendered for World War II. And then in comes one of the players I think in this global architecture George Soros 1993 he champions Bill Clinton and then he writes the NATO world order.
We all know NATO was supposed to end and I’m tell it’s the same architecture that has allowed this to happen that has not been broken and and what we need to understand is NATO itself is one of those pieces of this puzzle. It is Endless War for Profit from people that believe that where they sit above nations is where power should lie does lie and they continue to gaslight the peoples all around the world. …
I want people to understand that this is this was coordinated. It was not an accident. And Donald Trump I think more than anything understands that in that architecture that they put together, they had it essentially the Third Reich going to the Fourth Reich would be again destroying Russia, dispersing its natural resources, running the World Global Governance through Geneva and Brussels. but to have the money center be the city of London and essentially Wall Street– but to pay for it all and to die on the battlefields and all of that, the United States was targeted.
We paid for the entire Cold War, which was a war on a tactic that changed often. We paid for the entire reconstruction and the creation of the EU after World War II. We paid for the entire war on terror. That was a war on a tactic that changed often. And I firmly believe we paid for the entire Global Warming nonsense which was all about capturing natural resources. All of that was possible because this architecture is still in place above our nations and it continues to run and it did not care that Donald Trump won the first time because it was going to stop him from doing anything. It DOES care now…” …….
Get Ready For The Suddenly — Awakening, Iran & What God Showed David Herzog:
“…And we break for five minutes as we’re talking on the Sid Roth show and the Lord says, “Tell them about your book now.” Because it something he said to me in the interview connected with the book about Charlie Kirk and how so the thing is about Charlie Kirk and how he died and it should have been a revival. was supposed to be a martyr and the kids are going to the colleges since he died and something’s starting and how the enemy reframed his death and legacy as an anti-Israel thing through these podcasters, right?
So, I said, “My book “The Israel Deception” debunks all that and flips it back because if we don’t have that, we lose the revival because the root of it is we still have to stand with Israel and if the church starts going against that, it’s not going to.” And he goes, “Oh my gosh, do you have the book done?” I go, “Yeah, pretty much. It’s almost done–a few weeks it’ll be done.” He goes, “Hold on.” and he does a spot on it and he’s not supposed to do that. … I’m saying is this how fast God moves. But, and you’ll see later why this book was so urgent to the Lord when I explain to you what was in it. It was like I never had an urgency from the Lord in my life.” …..
Psalm 121:
3 He will not let your foot slip;
He who keeps you will not slumber.
4 Behold, He who guards Israel
shall neither slumber nor sleep.
5 The Lord is your guardian;
the Lord is your shade at your right hand.
Amen!
Rest in the Vine: “Infiltration Instead of Invasion” by Mel K
& “The Israel Deception” by David Herzog
https://www.theepochtimes.com/opinion/the-most-important-ai-experiment-youve-never-heard-of-6045675
As AI is an important issue for our Administration and world, this opinion piece by Key Rubacek for The Epoch Times is very good to ponder.
Author’s name is Kay Rubacek.
As much as I would like to read this, I am unwilling to give up any private information.
It’s not behind a paywall, if that is what you mean DG.
Not for me anyway.
may all Treepers have a good afternoon….and a safe peaceful evening………
Awesome, bjorkdream. Beautiful colors.
Thank you. Have a peaceful night.
Live long & prosper.
James Carville is upset that it is viewed that the DSA is taking over his party….
++
James Carville: “I actually do think it’s time for Democrats to talk the S word: ‘Schism’ … there’s just some sh*t that I can’t be in the same tent with … I’m done … I don’t want to be in a political party that denies the right of the state of Israel to exist.”
Video linked….
Amazing, how suddenly all the Democrat commentariat are talking in lockstep about the danger facing the Democrat Party, as though they suddenly now realised the political parasite that’s on them. Sorry, when the Left act like this it’s because the orders have gone out from their senior leadership.
I also note how certain posters are no longer wishing that the Republicans act like the monolithic machine of the Democrats, obviously we are undergoing a narrative change.
Well, they were warned when AOC won.
I clearly remember Nancy Pelosi many times at the podium being asked about this rising insanity that we really began tuning into when AOC won and then never shut up. Then came the formation of the Squad.
Nancy was asked many times what he thoughts were about it all, if she was worried, remember?
Nancy would brush off and belittle AOC and make light of it all, ‘she’s one vote’ she said.
Like “nothing to see here”.
Well look at what is going on today.
This guy is bipolar.
f*ck James Carviĺe.He is a very nasty and vicious character.
He is, but the “you drag a $100 bill through a trailer park, you never know what you might find” is an all timer.
i STILL RESENT That Characterization; a $50 is Easier to Spend
My Trailer was a 3 Bedroom and 2 Baths – the Kids were HAPPY with THEIR OWN Rooms and Bathroom when they were Younger. Put OVER 2,000 Miles on that Trailer with Government Moves !
Welcome to the party james, we been saying this since Goldwater.
emily miller
@emilymiller
As I reported exclusively with the only photos of the damage, the Lincoln Reflecting Pool was cut with a knife or razor on the night of June 8. Court doc:
Cont
++
Full court statement:
https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.292242/gov.uscourts.dcd.292242.22.1.pdf
You cannot underestimate the impact that his vandalism will have on the average voter, and the repeated attempts by the MSM to run cover for them with fictional stories, about Trump’s incompetence and the dangers of ignoring the experten being the real cause of the damage, shows that threat is well understood.
With the Iran mission largely concluded, the World Cup a roaring success, (literally), economic indicators all heading in the same direction, and the Mid-Terms slipping away I guess it’s back to Epstein. Unless one of the DSA moles in the Democrat Party leaks damning new evidence against some of the Old Guard, as part of their push to take over the party.
As they say, when you sup with a commie use a heavy spoon to beat them unconscious, afterwards.
I do like the “spoon” tip…👍🏻😜
Isn’t that what people call spoonin? 🤔😂
Good After noon, Sun Dance! June 25th-2026, Amen! #
If some rogue Judge *does* shut this down, I wouldn’t mind getting all the residents of complying states together to sue the states that are insistent on keeping our Federal Voting System shady.
If they want to f*ck up their State/County/City votes with this crap, go right ahead.
But keep your corrupt hands off of MY vote in Federal Elections.
Just had a leftist judge file and said differently………..
How about we bring these bumper stickers back…
{ https://www.si.edu/object/bumper-sticker-america-love-it-or-leave-it%3Anmah_1423537 }
Apparently it means whatever the person displaying it says it means re: its multiple uses since it’s inception.
A brain – wayyyyy overrated.
Greetings from the Commie Caliphate of Nueva York. Just following up on my inquiries about Mark Steyn and some of the replies I received from fellow Treepers.
I don’t know what exactly is going on since Mark suffered his “medical emergency” but the people who are running his business are being super secretive about what exactly happened, where he is and what his condition is. I don’t mean to be a conspiracy theorist about this but it certainly is very strange.
Anyway, they did publish a number of questions from Mark’s followers who, like me were wondering if he was okay since we haven’t heard from him in so long and given his history were concerned. One of the ladies on his team who is running things gave a nasty response to one of the club members and basically said stop asking questions, nothing to see here, etc.
At this point I feel there’s nothing to do but to keep praying and see what happens. Mark Steyn made some very powerful enemies over the years because of his eloquent reporting on everything from climate change to the rape gangs in UK. He has always been a great champion of Free Speech and one of my personal heroes.
If any Treepers hear anything more, maybe you can let us know and I will do likewise.
Thanks!
Meet Peter Thiel! (Everything He Doesn’t Want You to Know!) (17:19)
AwakenWithJP
Jun 25, 2026
Peter Thiel has been caught running a secret society of elites. He’s the founder of Palantir, which has $billions of government contracts to install dystopian surveillance state systems. He’s done business with Jeffery Epstein. He installed JD Vance as VP and pulls the puppet strings on him. And he’s a self professed Christian, who’s married to a man, and always talks about the anti-Christ. Yet for some reason, there’s a lot of skepticism around Peter Thiel and how he is an unelected billionaire shaping our country and every day life. In this we lie to you news special report on Peter Thiel, we thought you’d want to get to know him by learning everything about him that he doesn’t want you to know. Enjoy.
Grok 4.3 AI answer:
Clearview AI is a facial recognition company known for scraping billions of public images to build a database used primarily by law enforcement.
Peter Thiel is directly involved with Clearview AI as an early-stage investor. In 2017, he provided $200,000 in seed funding (later converted to equity), making him one of the company’s first outside backers alongside Kirenaga Partners. This investment valued Clearview’s initial round at around $8.6 million and helped it pivot to law enforcement sales. Thiel’s spokesperson confirmed it as his “only contribution,” with no ongoing operational role, but his stake persists amid Clearview’s growth to a $130 million valuation in 2021.
Clearview AI systematically scraped social media and other public websites for images containing faces, along with any associated metadata or identifying information like names.
Scale and Details
Early reports (2020): ~3 billion images.
Later growth: 10–30+ billion from Facebook/social media alone (per CEO admissions and reporting), with claims of 50–70+ billion total images in the database.
The database links faces to names/identities where public data was available, enabling reverse searches (face → name/profile).
Clearview has maintained it only uses publicly available data (no private accounts or password-protected content) and defends the practice on First Amendment grounds. Critics argue it creates a “perpetual police lineup” for billions of people without consent.
https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2026/06/the-tenets-of-islam-license-to-kill/
FTA “Since Islam’s arrival upon the world stage 1,400 years ago, when an illiterate Arab by the name of Mohammad, born in Mecca, claimed to be a messenger sent by God (whom he called “Allah”) to spread Allah’s word, approximately 270 million human beings have been slaughtered in Islam’s and Allah’s name, according to the Center for the Study of Political Islam. (Approximately 120 million Africans, 80 million Hindus, 60 million Christians, and 10 million Buddhists.) Until fairly recently, Westerners were unfamiliar with Islam or its practitioners. However, since Congress enacted America’s Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, our doors have been flung wide open to a Third World, non-Western population whose values and norms are the antithesis of the Judeo-Christian principles that form the basis for our national foundation as outlined in our Constitution.
Clearly, the Quran, unlike any other religious doctrine, affords Muslims the license to kill, maim, rape, and steal from non-Muslims. The question every American must ask is why Islam has not been designated as a foreign political movement that poses a threat to each one of us. Those who are given a license to kill by following a text that permits and encourages them to kill in the name of Islam pose an existential threat from within and a much greater threat than those from without.
Every nation’s duty and priority must be to safeguard the security and safety of its citizens. Thus, it is imperative for the Trump administration to address this threat by redesignating Islam as a foreign terrorist organization, closing all mosques, and designating the Muslim Brotherhood and its many front groups, such as CAIR, as terrorist organizations to be outlawed within the United States.
More evidence to repeal the odious Immigration Act of 1965! Islam isn’t a religion it’s a death cult and it’s practice should be banned period!
Hear, hear!
DHS Secretary Markwayne Mullin Just TORCHED Purple-Haired LIB Rosa DeLauro in front of Congress 🔥….
Benny is color-blind . . . or perhaps he was raised on an 8-box of crayons, bless his heart.
The freakshow dinosaur’s wig hair has Periwinkle Blue streaks and the scarf is Purple and Lavender.
0.o
Breaking: Judge Grants Injunction, Blocks Enforcement of Virginia’s Gun and Magazine Ban
https://bearingarms.com/camedwards/2026/06/25/judge-grants-injunction-blocks-enforcement-of-virginias-gun-and-magazine-ban-n1232986
SpaceX IPO TRAP Is Already BREAKING AS a LIQUIDITY CLIFF IS COMING…
Wall Street Truthbombs
307,723 views – Jun 20, 2026
“Truthbombs videos are for informational and entertainment purposes only. The views expressed by Mark Malek or guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of Siebert Financial. These videos do not constitute investment advice, an offer to sell, or a solicitation to buy any securities. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Listeners and viewers should consult a qualified financial professional before making any investment decisions.
SpaceX became the largest IPO in market history and surged nearly 70% in just days. But was the rally driven by fundamentals—or by forced institutional buying ahead of Nasdaq 100 inclusion?
In today’s Wall Street Truthbomb, Mark Malek breaks down the hidden mechanics behind the SpaceX surge, the impact of passive index fund flows, the Cursor acquisition, dilution risks, lockup expirations, and why a 4% risk-free rate environment could create a major liquidity problem for speculative assets.
Excerpt:
As the mandatory buying window approaches its end, investors may discover what SpaceX is really worth without institutional support. This isn’t just about one stock—it could be a warning sign for the entire market.
Watch the week of July 1st, my friends. When the Nasdaq 100 rebalancing completes and the forced buying window closes, that is your real signal. If SPCX can’t hold the price after the institutional bid disappears in a 4.2% rate environment with a 6-months to lockup expiration, you are not looking at a speculative correction. You are looking at a liquidity cliff that will reprice every overvalued float on the Nasdaq along with it.
So, your truth bomb for today is this. SpaceX went from 135 to 225 in 4 days not because the market discovered a $2.1 trillion value, but because a razor-thin float got squeezed by institutional pre-positioning ahead of a mandatory index window. When that window closes around July 1st, a loss-generating company at 94 times revenue will have to compete for capital against 4% risk-free cash. There’s no version of that math where retail wins the dip.”
This has already been shared BUT… it bears repeating because too much Winning is never enough
“The Radical Left just got hit with another major blow to their favorite election fraud vehicle.
During testimony before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee on Wednesday, U.S. Postmaster General David Steiner confirmed that the United States Postal Service will refuse to deliver mail-in and absentee ballots in any state that fails to comply with { President Trump’s March 31, 2026 Executive Order } on election integrity….”
advance to 25:55 for the Postmaster’s quote followed by the usurper’s meltdown
@ { https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/06/boom-postmaster-general-tells-congress-usps-will-not/ }
Cannot trust the Iranians
Republican-leaning megadonors reportedly gave $880 million, more than three times that donated by Democrat-leaning donors, in the first half of 2026.
I would suggest that 20-38% of actual legal American citizens have been infected by the alien force I am beginning to watch in the first remake of “Invasion of the Body Snatchers” from 1978.